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How to Study Shakespeare: The Tempest

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“How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world, that has such people in it!”

― William Shakespeare, The Tempest

“The Tempest” by William Shakespeare is a fabulous tale full of twists and turns. It is a story of magic, of revenge, and forgiveness. Set on a remote island, the play follows Prospero, a former Duke of Milan who was betrayed by his brother Antonio and left to die at sea with his daughter Miranda. Prospero, now a powerful sorcerer, conjures a storm to shipwreck his enemies on the island. Stranded, they encounter various inhabitants, including the monstrous Caliban and the ethereal spirit Ariel, both under Prospero’s control. As the characters navigate the island’s mysteries, Prospero orchestrates events to confront his foes and ultimately seeks redemption and reconciliation.

Amidst themes of power and authority, “The Tempest” explores the complexities of human relationships and the nature of forgiveness. Prospero’s journey from vengeance to mercy reflects Shakespeare’s exploration of the human condition, as characters grapple with their past actions and seek redemption. The play’s resolution sees forgiveness triumph over retribution, as Prospero forgives his enemies and relinquishes his magic, symbolising the triumph of compassion and reconciliation over resentment and power. “The Tempest” serves as a poignant meditation on forgiveness, reminding audiences of the transformative power of mercy and the importance of letting go of the past to embrace a brighter future.

The Tempest (Plot Summary)

Characters in The Tempest

Prospero: The rightful Duke of Milan, Prospero was usurped by his brother Antonio and left stranded on an island with his daughter, Miranda. He is a powerful sorcerer who uses magic to manipulate events on the island, seeking revenge on those who wronged him. Throughout the play, Prospero grapples with themes of forgiveness and redemption, ultimately choosing to forgive his enemies and relinquish his magic.

Miranda: Prospero’s daughter, Miranda, has lived on the island since infancy. She is innocent and naive about the world beyond the island until she meets and falls in love with Ferdinand, the son of Prospero’s enemy. Miranda’s compassion and love play a crucial role in the play’s themes of forgiveness and reconciliation.

Ariel: A spirit enslaved by Prospero, Ariel is instrumental in carrying out Prospero’s commands. Ariel is ethereal and magical, capable of taking on various forms and performing extraordinary tasks. Despite Ariel’s servitude, there is a sense of loyalty and longing for freedom, which adds depth to the character’s interactions with Prospero.

Caliban: The son of the witch Sycorax, Caliban is the island’s original inhabitant and serves as Prospero’s unwilling servant. He is depicted as brutish and uncivilised, with a deep resentment towards Prospero for enslaving him. Caliban’s character raises questions about colonisation, power dynamics, and the treatment of indigenous peoples.

Ferdinand: The son of Alonso, the King of Naples, Ferdinand is shipwrecked on the island and falls in love with Miranda. Despite his royal status, Ferdinand willingly performs tasks for Prospero to prove his love for Miranda. His relationship with Miranda symbolises love transcending social barriers.

Alonso: The King of Naples, Alonso is consumed by grief over the supposed loss of his son, Ferdinand. He is manipulated by Prospero’s magic and experiences guilt over his past actions, particularly his role in aiding Antonio’s usurpation of Prospero’s dukedom.

Antonio: Prospero’s treacherous brother who usurped his dukedom. Antonio is power-hungry and unrepentant for his actions. He represents betrayal and ambition, serving as one of Prospero’s primary adversaries in the play.

Gonzalo: A kindly old counsellor to Alonso, Gonzalo helped Prospero and Miranda escape when they were exiled. He is depicted as wise and compassionate, offering hope and solace amidst the turmoil of the island.

Themes in The Tempest

  • Power and Authority: “The Tempest” explores the dynamics of power and authority through characters like Prospero, who wields magical control over the island and its inhabitants. The play examines the consequences of wielding power responsibly or abusing it, as seen in Prospero’s manipulation of events and the power struggles between characters like Prospero and Antonio.
  • Forgiveness and Redemption: Central to the plot is the theme of forgiveness and redemption. Prospero, despite being wronged by his brother Antonio and others, ultimately chooses to forgive them. Through this act of forgiveness, Prospero finds personal redemption and closure, highlighting the transformative power of forgiveness and its ability to heal past wounds.
  • Colonialism and Otherness: “The Tempest” raises questions about colonialism and the treatment of the ‘other.’ Characters like Caliban, an indigenous inhabitant of the island, are marginalised and oppressed by Prospero, symbolising the colonial mindset of exploitation and domination. The play prompts reflection on issues of cultural imperialism, displacement, and the effects of colonisation.
  • Illusion vs. Reality: Throughout the play, illusions and reality blur, particularly through Prospero’s use of magic to manipulate events. Characters grapple with the distinction between appearance and reality, confronting their own perceptions and the truths that lie beneath. This theme invites contemplation on the nature of truth, deception, and the human tendency to be swayed by appearances.
  • Nature vs. Nurture: The characters in “The Tempest” are shaped by their environment and upbringing, prompting exploration of the nature versus nurture debate. Miranda’s innocence and purity contrast with Caliban’s brutishness, raising questions about the influence of upbringing and social conditioning on individual behaviour. The play invites reflection on the inherent qualities of human nature and the impact of the environment on character development.

The Setting in The Tempest

The setting of “The Tempest” is a remote island in the Mediterranean Sea, where much of the action unfolds. This isolated and mysterious island serves as a microcosm for the complexities of human nature and relationships. Surrounded by the vast expanse of the ocean, the island is cut off from the outside world, creating a sense of confinement and heightened tension among the characters. The island’s natural beauty, described vividly by Shakespeare through Prospero’s dialogue, contrasts with its dangers and secrets, adding to its allure and enigma.

Amidst the island’s lush vegetation and rocky terrain, Prospero’s magical powers are at their zenith. His command over the elements and the spirits that inhabit the island imbue the setting with an otherworldly atmosphere. The island becomes a stage for Prospero’s manipulation of events, as he orchestrates the shipwreck and exerts control over the other characters. This magical setting blurs the line between reality and illusion, creating an environment where anything seems possible, and where characters confront their innermost desires and fears.

Furthermore, the island serves as a symbol of transformation and renewal. Characters undergo profound changes during their time on the island, confronting their past actions and seeking redemption. Prospero’s decision to forgive his enemies and relinquish his magic marks a turning point in the play, signalling a rebirth and a fresh start for the characters. In this sense, the island represents a crucible of change, where characters are tested and ultimately emerge transformed, ready to embark on a new chapter in their lives.

Symbols in The Tempest

The storm serves as both a literal and metaphorical representation of chaos, turmoil, and the disruption of order. Prospero conjures the storm to shipwreck his enemies on the island, setting the stage for the events that unfold. The storm also symbolises the inner turmoil of the characters, particularly Prospero’s own internal conflict as he seeks revenge and ultimately chooses to forgive.

Prospero’s magic represents power, control, and the manipulation of reality. Through his sorcery, Prospero exerts influence over the events on the island, shaping the destinies of the other characters. His magic also serves as a metaphor for the creative power of the imagination and the transformative potential of forgiveness and redemption.

The island itself functions as a powerful symbol in the play. Isolated from the outside world, the island represents a liminal space where boundaries blur and hidden truths are revealed. It is a place of mystery and transformation, where characters confront their pasts and undergo profound changes. Through these symbols, Shakespeare invites audiences to delve deeper into the themes of power, forgiveness, and the complexity of the human condition.

Quotable Quotes in The Tempest

“We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep.” – Act IV, Scene 1

Prospero speaks these words as he reflects on the transient nature of human existence. The quote encapsulates the theme of illusion versus reality, suggesting that life is akin to a dream from which we eventually awaken.

“Hell is empty, and all the devils are here.” – Act I, Scene 2

Ariel delivers this line to Prospero, referring to the treachery and moral corruption present in the human world. It reflects the idea that evil exists not only in supernatural realms but also within humanity itself.

“What’s past is prologue.” – Act II, Scene 1

Antonio utters this line to Sebastian, suggesting that the events leading up to the present moment serve as a prelude to what is yet to come. It implies that history repeats itself and that past actions influence future outcomes.

“Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows.” – Act II, Scene 2

Trinculo speaks these words upon discovering Caliban hiding beneath a cloak during the storm. The quote humorously suggests that difficult circumstances can lead to unexpected alliances or encounters.

“O, wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world that has such people in’t!” – Act V, Scene 1

Miranda expresses awe and wonder upon encountering people other than her father for the first time. The quote reflects her innocence and naivety, as well as the theme of discovery and the excitement of encountering the unknown.

“He that dies pays all debts.” – Act III, Scene 2

Stephano says this line, indicating that death is the ultimate resolution of all obligations and debts. It reflects the character’s cynical outlook and also hints at the consequences of wrongdoing.

“What’s gone and what’s past help should be past grief.” – Act III, Scene 2

Alonso speaks these words, suggesting that dwelling on past misfortunes is futile and that one should move forward rather than lamenting what cannot be changed. It reflects a stoic attitude towards adversity.

“We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep.” – Act IV, Scene 1

Prospero speaks these words as he reflects on the transient nature of human existence. The quote encapsulates the theme of illusion versus reality, suggesting that life is akin to a dream from which we eventually awaken.

Looking for Help with Literature?

Curio offers English Language, English Literature and General Paper group tuition in online classes. We cover the ‘O’ level, ‘A’ level and the new Singapore-Cambridge Secondary Education Certificate (SEC) which is to be offered in 2027. We also teach students in the Integrated Programme (IP) be it English, Literature or Language Arts. 

As different schools are covering different novels, plays or poetry, we try to group students according to school or text. We even have classes which cover only Unseen Poetry (to the great joy of our JC students). Our Literature classes are incredibly enjoyable as students not only learn how to tackle the exams, they also learn empathy, appreciation and how to broaden their worldview. Classes for younger students typically begin with a quiz (with Kahoot, Blooket etc) to help them to remember the plot of a novel. We then go on to teach annotation and answering techniques (e.g using PEEL, PEAL or PEDAL). Older students benefit from an in depth discussion of a poet, playwright or novelist’s works. This is followed up with essay outlines or a detailed analysis of passage based questions. 

No time for tuition? Then check out Curio’s Independent Marking and Feedback programme. A dedicated teacher will send you personalised notes and tests with marking, advice and feedback!  Curio teachers are also available via whatsapp and email for questions on anything related to the subject. Many of our students thrive from not having to block out time to attend weekly lessons, but still have the benefit of a Curio coach’s nurturing and experience.

To find out more, call or get in touch with us on whatsapp at 8892 2948. We are also available on email: [email protected].

The Joys of Learning Online

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"Students faced challenges adapting to online learning during the pandemic. Now, Home Based Learning (HBL) is common in Singapore schools, offering convenience and enjoyment."

A lot of students – especially younger ones – realised to some trepidation that they had no choice but to figure out how to navigate learning online when the Covid-19 pandemic hit. Kids experienced everything from screen fatigue to technical difficulties, making an already challenging journey a tougher one all in all. 

Post-pandemic, HBL – or home based learning – is now a regular affair in almost every school in Singapore. Worksheets and instructions are regularly uploaded onto online learning platforms, giving students no more room to say things like “I didn’t hear the instructions” or “I can’t find the worksheet”. The online learning world comes with a slew of benefits which now make learning not just convenient, but a joy to experience as well. 

Everything is Easily Accessible

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No matter where one is, all of a student’s work is easily accessible with a device and a wifi connection. Some students may find it easier to work from a cafe, in a study group with friends, or from a grandparent’s home. Having access to all of one’s learning materials in one place makes it incredibly easy to plan one’s study schedule. Not having to lug around files for four different subjects is a fantastic benefit of online learning. 

Another advantage that comes with accessibility is being able to search for any material with ease. A physical file involves having to rifle through months of notes, sometimes from previous years. With the ease that comes with an online learning platform, students never have to worry about where to hunt for that one particular worksheet or set of notes that they need. 

Every Message is Crystal Clear

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Students often check with each other wondering whether a teacher asked them to complete one thing or another. In the tumult of school and constant influx of information, kids often forget or simply don’t hear something important. 

With online learning, this issue goes out the window. Instructions on what to do, how to do and when to submit can be clearly spelt out on a learning platform, giving students little excuse to be forgetful. Teachers and students can also interact on a chatboard, clarifying, checking in and even providing feedback. The online medium has changed the way kids take in information, providing them with reinforcement and security. 

This of course should not become an excuse to switch off during class. It is undeniably beneficial however, to have instructions spelt out clearly and not have to rely on just word of mouth. 

Ever So Fun: Quizzes and Learning Tools

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The internet is a rich source of information, knowledge and resources for learning. With online learning platforms, teachers can post videos, quizzes, links to additional notes and even recorded voice notes. With this plethora of resources and their availability online, teachers can easily curate learning materials for their students. Almost everyone remembers a teacher who droned on and on as our eyelids drooped. With a variety of learning tools, students will not need to be bored with learning ever again, and even the driest of topics will be rendered tolerable. 

Everything is So Neat

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Topics, sub-topics, worksheets, tests, additional notes, readings. These are often a mish-mash of papers, written notes or sometimes even a photograph of a whiteboard from school. With online platforms such as Google Classroom, one can search for a document or a piece of information with great ease, and without bothering to rifle through thick sets of notes filed months before. 

In an English class, teachers and students will be able to organise Comprehensions, Essays and Visual Texts under separate headings, ensuring that they will be easily found when needed. Similarly for other subjects, worksheets, notes, quizzes and resources can be organised by topic, ensuring that students will always be able to find what they are looking for on short notice. This becomes incredibly useful during the exam period.  

While it is still important to be able to have face to face sessions with teachers and fellow students, the convenience and effectiveness of online learning cannot be underestimated. The relief that comes from not having missed any instruction, the peace of mind from having neat notes and the wealth of resources accessible online go a long way towards helping students become the best learners that they can be.

If you are interested in online learning, try out one of our Curio tuition programmes today. Curio offers English Language and English Literature tuition for students offering the SEC, ‘O’ levels, ‘A’ levels and IP. 

There are 3 plans to choose from, Independent, Huddle and Focus. Independent students will have a dedicated coach who will provide marking and feedback without weekly lessons. Huddle group students will meet a coach 1x a week for 1.5 hours online. They are comfortable learning in groups of 8. Focus group students will meet a coach 1x a week for 2 hours online. They are comfortable learning in groups of 5. 

Practice Papers and consistent feedback are provided throughout the week for all students. Try us out today! English Language ‘O’ Level Programme.

How to Excel in School: All About Curio Classes

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"At Curio Classes, education transcends mere exam preparation; it's about fostering meaningful connections, exchanging stories, and sharing wisdom, making each session special and memorable."

Curio Classes are more than just tuition sessions. They involve more than exam preparation and more than a two hour session a week. Curio classes are special – and memorable – because of the way our teachers connect with our students, the stories they exchange and the wisdom they share. As educators with many years of experience under their belt, our teachers are well equipped to handle both the cognitive and affective aspects of students’ lives. 

What happens in a Curio class? Here is what we cover in English and Literature Lessons at Curio!

Curio Classes – Online Tuition Programmes

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At the time of writing, Curio offers English Language, English Literature and General Paper group tuition in online classes. We cover the ‘O’ level, ‘A’ level and the new Singapore-Cambridge Secondary Education Certificate (SEC) which is to be offered in 2027. We also teach students in the Integrated Programme (IP) be it English, Literature or Language Arts. 

How Do Online Lessons Work?

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Zoom

At Curio, we use Zoom for our video calls. Zoom allows for Curio teachers to connect with their students virtually, as well as to instruct using a virtual whiteboard – students can write on it too, making it an interactive way to learn. We also use breakout rooms for when we need to speak to a smaller group of students or even just one student in order to provide extra guidance. 

Google Classroom

Our learning platform is Google Classroom, which most students are very familiar with. We upload all worksheets, notes and resources on this page, as well as instructions. 

How We Work Together

During Zoom sessions, students will work on their individual Google docs. Teachers can view these documents and will work with students during lessons, often using the ‘Edit’ or ‘Comment’ functions to provide individual feedback. The best part about learning online this way is that students and teachers can continue to work on these documents after classes are over, ensuring that learning is reinforced. 

How Do Curio Teachers Ensure That Learning is Effective?

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In line with our commitment to excellence, we have only NIE trained teachers with an excellent track record. At Curio, we do not believe that a two hour session is always sufficient for learning to be complete. We commit to ensuring that students have access to their teachers throughout the week for additional support. Students often don’t know what they don’t know, and with this in mind, teachers will provide materials and worksheets to enhance students’ understanding wherever they need it most. This ensures that weak areas are continuously worked on until students feel confident in their ability and the demands of the subject. 

Moreover, we acknowledge the significance of accessibility and flexibility in education. Thus, our online platforms for English Language, General Paper and Literature tutoring, enable students to participate regardless of their location.

English Language Tuition (Integrated Programme) – IP

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The Hook

Our IP English classes have fascinating themes and as such, teachers begin the lessons with a little hook. If the topic is on the environment for example, students might watch a little video or read a photo-essay about climate change. They will then be prompted to either reflect or discuss their thoughts on the topic which usually gives rise to a lively discussion! 

The Skill

Teachers will then guide students back to the focus of the lesson – be it essay writing, comprehension or critical response (AQ for JC students) – and will go into detail about a particular skill which students will be expected to harness by the end of the lesson. Examples of skills range from understanding characterisation in Narrative Writing to mastering the IYOW (in your own words) question for Comprehension. 

The Method

Once teachers have thoroughly gone through the skill that students are expected to pick up by the end of the class, they will introduce students to the content. This may involve planning out points for an argumentative essay, or coming up with examples for an application question. Teachers will alternate between group discussions and individual work at this point, utilising students’ personalised Google docs and breakout rooms on Zoom. 

English Language Tuition (‘O’ Levels or Singapore-Cambridge Secondary Education Certificate) – SEC

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The Hook

Our ‘O’ level or SEC English classes will have common themes which are tested for Orals, Listening, Comprehension and Essay Writing. As such, teachers will usually begin the lessons with a discussion around topics such as volunteering or technology. Students are prompted to discuss their thoughts on the topic and the teacher will go through a suggested response for an Oral examination. Some lessons include a mini listening comprehension as well, whereby students listen to audio or watch a video and then answer questions pertaining to what they heard. These hooks ensure that students are always kept in touch with these two particular components of the exam which are often left to the last minute. 

The Skill

Teachers will then guide students back to the focus of the lesson – be it essay writing, comprehension or situational writing. They will go into detail about a particular skill which students will be expected to harness by the end of the lesson. Examples of skills range from understanding how to use signposts and connectors while writing essays, to mastering the art of tone when writing proposals or articles for Situational Writing. 

The Method

Once teachers have thoroughly gone through the skill that students are expected to pick up by the end of the class, they will introduce students to the content. This may involve planning out points for an expository essay, or identifying answers correctly in a comprehension passage. Teachers will alternate between group discussions and individual work at this point, utilising students’ personalised Google docs and breakout rooms on Zoom. 

English Literature Tuition (‘O’ levels, SEC or ‘A’ levels)

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As different schools are covering different novels, plays or poetry, we try to group students according to school or text. We even have classes which cover only Unseen Poetry (to the great joy of our JC students). Our Literature classes are incredibly enjoyable as students not only learn how to tackle the exams, they also learn empathy, appreciation and how to broaden their worldview. Classes for younger students typically begin with a quiz (with Kahoot, Blooket etc) to help them to remember the plot of a novel. We then go on to teach annotation and answering techniques (e.g using PEEL, PEAL or PEDAL). Older students benefit from an in depth discussion of a poet, playwright or novelist’s works. This is followed up with essay outlines or a detailed analysis of passage based questions.  

The Parenting Diary: 8 Habits to Start in 2024 to become Unstoppable!

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"Kickstart 2024 by incorporating habits into your routine, striking a balance between work, parenting, and personal growth—ensuring you shine in every aspect of your life."

It’s the start of 2024, the start of another working year and also the start of yet another school year. Between juggling new projects at work and your child’s priorities, it will be easy to lose a sense of yourself and your personal goals. Time may be tight, but good habits that are woven into your daily routine will set you up to be both a star parent and a well adjusted individual. Read on to find out more about 8 habits that you can start incorporating into your life in 2024!

1. The morning routine – stretch & strategise

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Establish a routine in the morning which involves taking time for yourself. Start with a quick stretch. This can be as simple as neck rolls, toe touches and a few sun salutations. Then take a few minutes to pen down your plans for the day. I personally prefer to use a checklist which I can tick off throughout the day, giving me that desired sense of accomplishment, but you can use any method that works for you. This is a list of major things that you absolutely need to get done – and not every single minor task. Alternatively, you can also make this list the night before, and then take a few minutes to glance through it in the morning to get your game face on. 

2. Write down your thoughts before bed

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Writing your thoughts down before bed will improve your quality of sleep. You can look at it as a brain dump of everything that has happened in your life for the day, or you could go a little further and reflect on everything that has happened. If writing takes up time, try using voice typing to get your thoughts down a little faster. Here are some ideas for musings that you can pen down:

  • Your goals for tomorrow
  • What you’re grateful for
  • Negative thoughts and the reasons for them
  • Reflections on the kids or your partner
  • Feelings about your job

3. Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day

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Some of us have a gym membership and lift weights regularly while also making time to attend a Pilates, Kickboxing or Zumba class on a regular basis. Some of us struggle to just make it through the work day and be back in time to have dinner and conversation with the kids. Try to incorporate exercise into your daily routine by walking or taking the stairs whenever possible. Carve out time to take a walk after dinner or gift yourself a walking pad that can be used while you work. Try your best to get some workouts done throughout the week, be it swimming, jogging or playing badminton with the family. Your older self will thank you for keeping active! 

4. Sit in Silence for 10 minutes every day

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Our minds are racing with thousands of thoughts all the time, and as parents, we are often multitasking in ways we didn’t know was possible. Sitting quietly for 10 minutes a day and emptying your mind will do wonders for your brain. It will give your racing thoughts a break and teach you how to be present in the moment. If you struggle to do this by yourself, try downloading a meditation app such as Headspace or Calm. 

5. Establish a solid sleep schedule

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Sleep is essential for reducing stress, your mental health, improving your mood and increasing your efficiency. If you stay up at night worrying or scrolling through your phone, you are not giving yourself the chance to have the best quality of life that you deserve. For deep and good quality sleep, remember to:

  • Turn off all screens at least 1 hour before bedtime
  • Do not eat at least 3 hours before bedtime
  • Ensure that your bedroom is cool and at a conducive temperature for sleep
  • Use blackout curtains to ensure that light pollution will not disturb your sleep
  • Do deep breathing and count backwards from 100 to 0. Or count sheep, anything goes!

6. Take a 30 minute walk in nature

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If you live in Singapore, chances are that a park connector is fairly nearby. Even if it isn’t, a small park or a quiet tree-lined street will go a long way towards improving your mood. It has been proven that Nature can help get rid of anxiety, increase happiness and infuse calm. Moreover, it might be a great way to get your kids away from their screens and to have that after-school chat. [Read: Connecting with Your Kids: After-School Chats]

7. Read 10 pages a day

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Can you barely remember the last time you picked up a book, or were able to concentrate on getting through it? Life gets in the way, and with a busy work schedule and kids, it becomes hard to find time to read entire books. Reading is what helps us develop as individuals and it is also what provides us with knowledge to improve our lives. Instead of attempting to read a book or two a month, try starting out with a mere 10 pages a day. This may eventually lead to more pages and even if it doesn’t, you will definitely get through the entire book at a certain point. Reading will help you increase your focus, knowledge and self-confidence. It will also give you bragging rights when trying to get the kids to read! 

8. Drink water with every meal

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This may go without saying, but plenty of adults do not drink sufficient water. This interferes with both your physical and mental health, causing greater irritability, impatience and exhaustion. Drink 300 to 500ml of water at every meal and make it a point to finish it before leaving the table. If you find it difficult to remember, try purchasing a water bottle with the exact measurement that you need, and drink from it throughout the day. Again, your older self will thank you for the hydration! 

How to Select a Secondary School: Sec 1 Posting

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"Selecting the right Secondary School is not just a choice; it's a pivotal decision shaping the path for the next four to five years of a student's journey."

Going to Secondary 1 is an important milestone in a student’s educational journey. Choosing an appropriate Secondary School truly makes a difference as it determines the course of the next four to five years of their lives. The Secondary One Posting Process may seem complex, but not to worry, we have broken it down for you step by step. 

Starting from the the 2023 Primary 6 cohort, students will be posted through Posting Groups 1, 2 and 3 under the Full Subject-Based Banding (Full SBB). This allows them greater flexibility to offer subjects at appropriate subject levels. (To understand more about SBB, check out our article here: No More Boredom! Thanks to Subject Based Banding)

After receiving PSLE results, you and your child will have to shortlist the secondary schools and submit the school choices to MOE within 7 calendar days. The Secondary One posting process will then take place. Download the booklet below for a step by step process on how to pick your school of choice!

Booklet-Secondary-1-posting-process-CurioDownload

8 Self-Care Tips for Parents During Exams

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"Parental stress becomes an unseen rival to a child's success in the whirlwind of exams and responsibilities."

It’s that time of the year again, with PSLE, ‘O’ and ‘N’ levels and EOYs around the corner. Kids may be stressed, but parents in Singapore often find themselves stressed about their children’s exams too, and needless to say, this stress can negatively impact both parental health and the well-being of children. Laundry, zoom meetings, dinner prep, and work deadlines often start looking like impassable mountains. The additional responsibility of tutoring children and ensuring that they cover every last aspect of the curriculum starts to feel like firefighting.

Some effects of stress on both kids and parents during the exam season to watch out for may include: 

  • Reduced appetite
  • Headaches
  • Poor concentration
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Insomnia
  • Irritability
  • Angry outbursts

Such stress-induced behaviour doesn’t foster an ideal environment for either children or parents to perform at their best.

As we prepare for the upcoming exam period, let’s start thinking about effective stress management techniques. Here are 8 tips to help:

1. Engage in Exercise

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Physical activity not only releases endorphins, which improves the mood, but also distracts from stress and reduces stress hormone levels. Incorporating family workouts can create a positive bonding experience. Try out cycling at East Coast Park, a round of badminton, or even just a walk through a nearby garden. Getting out in nature and fresh air will allow everyone to take a breath and step away from the pressures of both work and school.

2. Practise Deep Breathing

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Slow, deep breaths help the body minimise its stress reaction, overcoming the fight-or-flight response and enhancing oxygen intake for better tension reduction and improved cognitive function. Try doing a brief breathing and meditation exercise either alone or together as a family. Simple 5 minute videos such as ‘Breathing Exercises with Guided Meditation‘ are readily available on Youtube or on apps like balanceapp.com

3. Moderate Caffeine Intake

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Even the smell of coffee beans can get us up and going.  While caffeine is often turned to for productivity, excessive consumption can hinder sleep and exacerbate stress. Limiting caffeine, against all instincts, may prevent its negative effects. Try soothing herbal teas instead like Rooibos, Peppermint or Ginger. 

4. Limit Alcohol

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It may be tempting to pour back a shot or three of whisky whenever the stress button is on. Using alcohol to cope with stress can backfire however, as it affects brain neurotransmitters and leads to increased anxiety and stress levels. Drink plenty of water instead and try to get a good night’s sleep.

5. Take Screen Breaks

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Netflixing or scrolling through the gram and TikTok may be your go to for relaxation after a long day of grappling with work and kids. Prolonged screen time however has been known to contribute to stress, sleep loss, and depression. Regular breaks from electronic devices are necessary to alleviate these negative effects. Try reading that book that’s been gathering dust or chat with a friend instead.

6. Prioritise Personal Time

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Carve out moments for self-care, whether through leisure activities, relaxation, or solitary pursuits. These breaks rejuvenate and promote better sleep. An extra long hot shower, burning essential oils or even a quick foot massage should do the trick.

7. Form Support Groups

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Sharing experiences and emotions with other parents who understand the challenges of work, life, and exams can provide valuable emotional support. Try joining the parent support group at school or create your own chat group with parents you know. With their permission of course! 

8. Shift Focus from Grades

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While some stress can motivate children to study harder, excessive pressure can be counterproductive. Kids often end up resentful of the subjects that they struggle with. Parents can get frustrated that all the tutoring or resources they have provided aren’t quite helping. Understanding that grades are not the sole measure of success however, is essential for both parents and children. Make sure you are affirming your kids for everything that they excel in too, and that you are not focused solely on the subjects with lower grades.

By adopting these techniques, parents can maintain healthier stress levels during exam periods, creating a more supportive and conducive environment for the entire family. It is important to remember that as adults, your mental health and well-being is important too. Here’s to more restful evenings, thoughtful actions and peaceful minds. 

How to Pick the Best Education in the World

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"As parents seek the best for their children's education, the attractiveness of Singapore's excellent system sparks comparisons with other global educational giants."

Education plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of nations and equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary for success. You may be wondering if your child is getting the best education there is, or if you need to make a leap of faith to live somewhere else. 

Singapore, known for its outstanding education system, stands as a shining example of educational excellence. In this article, we will compare Singapore’s education system with other renowned education systems around the world. By examining key aspects such as curriculum, teaching methods, and student outcomes, we will gain insights into the strengths and potential areas for improvement of each system.

Academic Rigour: Singapore

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Singapore’s education system is highly regarded for its rigorous curriculum. The country’s emphasis on core subjects such as mathematics, science, and languages provides students with a solid foundation in essential academic disciplines. In addition, the curriculum is structured, and students are guided through a carefully sequenced learning journey. Furthermore, Singapore places significant importance on critical thinking and problem-solving skills, fostering a culture of academic excellence. As a result, Singaporean students consistently perform exceptionally well in international assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

Academic Rigour: Singapore vs Finland & Japan

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In contrast, countries like Finland and Japan also prioritise academic rigour but adopt a more holistic approach to education. Finland, for example, focuses on fostering creativity, independent thinking, and a love for learning rather than rigid academic standards. Similarly, Japan’s education system emphasises a well-rounded education that includes art, music, and physical education alongside academic subjects. These approaches recognize the importance of developing the whole child and nurturing a diverse range of talents.

Teaching Methods and Pedagogical Approaches: Singapore

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Singapore’s education system places a strong emphasis on teacher-led instruction and mastery of content. Teachers must all complete a teaching diploma in The National Institute of Education (NIE) and over 80% of them hold a bachelor’s degree. Teachers in Singapore are highly trained and knowledgeable, using a variety of teaching methods such as direct instruction and guided practice to impart knowledge and skills to students. Additionally, the use of standardised assessments helps monitor student progress and identify areas for improvement. The system’s efficiency and focus on academic achievement contribute to its success.

Teaching Methods and Pedagogical Approaches: Singapore vs Finland & Sweden

In contrast, countries like Finland and Sweden emphasise student-centred approaches to teaching and learning. Finnish teachers must all hold masters degrees in education, equivalent to a full 5 years of training. The Finnish system lays out a general set of directions to teachers for teaching the curriculum in contrast to the more rigid ones set in Singapore. This allows for the teachers in Finland to exercise some freedom in the way they structure their lessons while teachers in Singapore can be more concerned about sticking to directions given.The Finnish and Swedish systems prioritise student autonomy, active learning, and collaborative problem-solving. Teachers in Finland, for instance, act as facilitators, guiding students through self-directed projects and encouraging critical thinking. This approach promotes creativity, individuality, and intrinsic motivation among students.

Comparing Student Outcomes and Well-being

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Singapore’s education system is renowned for producing high-achieving students with strong academic performance. The emphasis on academic excellence and rigorous assessments ensures that Singaporean students are well-prepared for future endeavours, particularly in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Singapore’s education system has contributed significantly to the country’s economic success and global competitiveness.

However, it is worth noting that the intense pressure to excel academically can sometimes take a toll on students’ well-being. The high-stakes nature of examinations and heavy workload may lead to increased stress levels and a lack of work-life balance. Truth be told, this phenomenon is more of an issue because of Singapore’s ‘kiasu’ culture than anything else. Singapore’s Ministry of Education consistently takes steps to improve academic programmes such as via subject based banding which is being fully rolled out in 2024. Read more on this at: https://curio.sg/1491-no-more-boring-classes-singapores-students-get-to-learn-their-own-way/

In comparison, education systems like those in Finland and Denmark have been prioritising student well-being, focusing on promoting a healthy balance between academics, play, and social-emotional development for many decades now. In Finland in particular, many schools and kindergartens structure learning around play and abolish tests. Play is often unstructured, which leads to children exploring their curiosity and discovering their own paths to learning. This approach fosters a supportive and nurturing learning environment.

In conclusion, Singapore’s education system stands as a formidable model of academic rigour and excellence. Its focused curriculum, teacher-led instruction, and emphasis on academic achievement have yielded outstanding student outcomes. However, the system could benefit from incorporating more student-centred approaches and prioritising student well-being. By comparing Singapore’s education system with other world-class systems, we can glean valuable insights and strive for a more holistic and balanced approach to education that prepares students not only for academic success but also for personal growth and fulfilment.

How to Write Great Essays: ‘O’ Level Model Essays

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“Overcome the daunting task of essay writing and unleash your potential for success. Step-by-step guidance awaits you to ensure remarkable essays and excellent grades.”

Do you always find yourself stuck when writing an essay? Does the assignment appear to be too daunting to overcome? Fear not! You possess the ability to tackle this challenge head-on. Read on for step-by-step advice to assist you. Write amazing essays with good grades, always.

Brainstorming

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First, let’s start by brainstorming. Generate a plethora of ideas by jotting down your thoughts on the subject. Afterwards, carefully review your brainstormed material. Continue from here and identify the most compelling idea. Ask yourself which ideas captivate you the most and which ideas you can write about naturally. Which ideas allow you to insert a personal touch? In addition, keep in mind the essay’s objective. Do your points you have brainstormed align with the answer to the question posed? If so, you’re ready to proceed.

Thesis Statement

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Next, compose a powerful thesis statement. This sentence serves as the core concept of your essay. It expresses your thoughts on the subject matter. Once again, consider the essay’s objective. In addition, regard the thesis statement as part of your engaging introduction. This statement informs your reader about the essay’s content.

Topic Sentences

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Now it’s time to outline the ideas that you will be using in your body paragraphs. With solid topic sentences in hand, you must reinforce your main idea with in-depth information, facts, thoughts, and examples. In addition, these supporting points address the question: “Why?” This stage may involve research and further brainstorming. Finally, arrange these points in a logical sequence, according to their significance. Congratulations! You now possess an outline for your essay.

Organisation

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On your mark, get set, write! Follow your outline diligently, dedicating each paragraph to a supporting point. Utilise vivid and descriptive words to effectively convey your ideas to the reader. In addition, delve into the details, employing specific information to narrate your story or emphasise your viewpoint. Further, ensure that every element you include remains closely tied to the essay’s main idea, thereby maintaining focus. Finally, seamlessly connect your ideas using appropriate transition words to enhance the flow of your writing.

Conclusion

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As you approach the conclusion, wrap it up with finesse. Summarise your entire essay and restate your main idea in a concise and impactful manner.

Proofread

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The journey is not complete without proofreading and revising. Scrutinise your work for spelling, capitalisation, punctuation, and grammar errors. Further to this, seek opportunities to enhance clarity, comprehension, and engagement in your writing. Whenever possible, incorporate descriptive verbs, adjectives, or adverbs. Additionally, it is beneficial to have a fresh set of eyes review your work to catch any overlooked mistakes. Make the necessary corrections and modifications in a second draft. Repeat this revision process once more to ensure your final draft is of the highest quality possible.

Download Model Essays

Download these model essays and think about how you can cultivate your own voice and style in order to produce unique and original pieces. Remember to enjoy the process! If you need feedback on your essays, try out our Independent Marking & Feedback Plan here: https://curio.sg/programmes/english-language-o-level-programme/

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How to Manage Toddler Meltdowns: A Guide for Parents

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"Parents often encounter various tantrum experiences with their kids, from mealtime meltdowns to all-day episodes. How can parents better cope with this draining phase of parenthood?"

Parents report varying experiences with their kids’ tantrums. Many of them recount how these escalate mostly during mealtimes, while others deal with consistent meltdowns occurring all day from sock wearing in the morning to bedtime. A brief cry of frustration can quickly turn into intense, roll-on-the-floor-screaming freakouts. How can parents deal better with this inevitable, draining period of parenthood?

The Science Behind a Meltdown: Understanding the Brain’s Response

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Neuroscience explains that meltdowns involve two parts of the brain: the amygdala and the hypothalamus. The amygdala processes emotions like fear and anger, while the hypothalamus controls functions like heart rate and temperature regulation. During a meltdown, the amygdala detects a threat, triggering a response from the hypothalamus with hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that helps humans with restraint and controlling one’s urges, among other functions, but it does not fully develop until adulthood.

The Impact of a Meltdown on Your Child 

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A child experiencing a meltdown undergoes physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweaty palms, and tensed muscles. Their limited capacity for self-control, associated with the prefrontal cortex, is further diminished during the stress response. Unlike adults who can use logical self-reflection to curb their reactions, children lack a fully developed prefrontal cortex which in turn renders reasoning with them ineffective.

Managing Meltdowns: Start with Your Own Emotions

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To effectively handle an upset child, it is important to manage and control your own stress response first. Take a moment to breathe deeply or talk to your partner to dampen your anger and frustration. This allows you to use your calm state to soothe your child, potentially through activating a mirrored response. If your child sees you acting calm despite the chaos, they might be encouraged to monkey see, monkey do.

Managing Meltdowns: Communicate Safety

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In managing your child’s reaction, employ calmness together with nonverbal cues that communicate love and understanding. By focusing on your nonverbal communication—body posture, vocal tone, and facial expressions—you can help your child regulate their emotions. Bend down and go to your child’s level, which might help them feel less overwhelmed in a world full of people and things much bigger than they are. Make eye contact, showing them that you see them and acknowledge their fears and frustrations. Show them your willingness to listen to what is upsetting them. 

Managing Meltdowns: Encourage Self-Soothing

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While physical touch may comfort some children, others might find it overwhelming to deal with. Instead, offer an alternative stress reliever such as play dough or a crayon and paper for them to vent out their emotions with drawing. Try to get them to practise deep breathing which can also help manage the intensity of their emotions. Discuss these self-soothing skills before a tantrum occurs, potentially enabling your child to handle future tantrums independently.

Managing Meltdowns: Affirm Your Child’s Feelings

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During a meltdown, attempts to explain and correct behaviour are rarely effective. Once your child has calmed down, get them to form a narrative about the meltdown that just occurred. Give credence to their experience and recap what occurred, emphasising that both of you are okay and can remain close. This process helps the child process their emotions and regain a sense of security. 

There is Light at the end of the Tunnel

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Meltdowns aren’t all bad. The shared tears and hugs will allow both parent and child to form a deeper bond. The triggers that your toddler experiences and how you react to their tantrums will give you a better understanding of how you both work. You might even become better equipped to handle the next time your child has a meltdown over a pair of socks that are blue instead of yellow.

How to Score in AQ – ‘A’ Level GP Model Answers

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"Scoring well in the General Paper AQ requires relentless effort and adaptability, as the topics can vary widely, but with determination, conquering is within reach."

Scoring well for the AQ in the General Paper demands relentless effort, especially considering the substantial variations in each paper and question. Add to that, topics can range from the benefits of solitude to the perils of geopolitical turmoil. Conquering an English A Level application question may appear intimidating, but with a determined approach, it becomes conquerable. Read on for some tips and tricks, and download some model AQ answers.

Reading

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Reading widely, from newspapers and magazines to novels and biographies will get you a leg up in the application question. Furthermore, since the subject matter of GP comprehensions are so varied, it is important to know a little bit about almost everything. Since the AQ focuses on how you can link the subject matter to your society, and being well versed in local matters will be of great help.

PESTLE

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When in doubt, use the acronym PESTLE to break the topic down in order to understand the perspectives that can be discussed.

P = Political

E = Economic

S = Societal

T = Technological

L = Legal

E = Environmental | Educational

Highlight pivotal keywords and phrases that aid in formulating a response. Subsequently, unleash a flood of ideas through brainstorming. Leverage existing knowledge about the topic and explore external resources that can augment your answer.

Once a wealth of ideas has been generated, embark on a research expedition. Employ credible sources and meticulously record detailed notes. This meticulousness will enable you to track the accumulated information and facilitate the writing process.

Organisation

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The AQ is a mini essay and to ensure triumph, organisation and a strategic plan are paramount. Try and use the following structure:

1. Recommended Structure

  • Introduction + Stand
  • Argument (a)
  • Argument (b)
  • Argument (c) [optional]
  • Conclusion

2. Analysis

  • Highlight question’s demands
  • Focus on keywords
  • Balance: Write 1 paragraph in support and 1 paragraph against OR Agree to a certain extent to each author’s point, and then explain your counter

3. Introduction

  • Does not need to be more than 3 lines: State summary of passage | State summary of your argument | State your stand
  • Your stand: E.g. “Even though there are alternate possibilities in the scenario mentioned by *author* I largely agree with her views as I find them highly relevant in the context of Singapore.” 

4. Body Paragraphs

  • Start with a topic sentence:  An observation that the author has made. E.g. “The author posits that <quote>”
  • Explain the quote
  • State your stand e.g. “As this observation is highly relevant in Singapore’s context, I agree with the author that…”
  • State an example of what you have observed in Singapore in relation to the quote you have picked.
  • Evaluate: (a) Agree with the author by emphasising the point they have made by using a reason within the Singapore context OR (b) Disagree with the author by explaining that the viewpoint is limited/applicable to a small group of people/irrelevant to most people in Singapore
  • Balance: e.g. “There are still pockets of people in Singapore who will not find this applicable…” or “The author’s points are relevant when we consider the next two years, but they may be obsolete in twenty years because…” 
  • Link back to the question e.g. “Therefore, it is clear that the author’s views are highly relevant to my society as…”

When constructing your response, ensure that you directly address the question and employ compelling evidence from your research to fortify your arguments. Vigilantly proofread your answer to eliminate any errors in spelling or grammar.

Lastly, the indispensable component of success is practice. Undertake practice tests and meticulously evaluate your answers. This will cultivate familiarity with the material and enable you to identify areas necessitating improvement. Try out our GP programme to ace your AQ. https://curio.sg/programmes/gce-a-levels-general-paper-programme/

Download the following papers and start practicing today!

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The GP Essay: How to Craft Excellent Body Paragraphs

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"A truly remarkable body paragraph captivates the reader."

An excellent body paragraph is engaging. It should support the central idea or argument of an essay by providing clear, concise information with well backed up evidence and explanations.

A suggested structure is as follows: 

POINT – EXPLANATION – EXAMPLE – LINK – EVALUATION

1. Point

Capture the main idea of what the entire body paragraph will consist of: possible to show some form of evaluation

E.g. In today’s society, which is consumer-driven and materialistic, it is indeed of concern that people are becoming increasingly phoney.

E.g. On the other hand, many young people in my society are concerned about the environment, and possibly contributing to saving our world instead of destroying it. 

2. Explanation

Explain the point that you have raised and provide an explanation which directly answers the question. This element should take up the BULK of your body paragraph. 

E.g. Singaporeans prioritise and take pride in the education system, which churns out prestigious scholarship winners and international science and maths awardees. With the consistent increase in income levels, most people can afford tuition and enrichment classes that give students a leg up in their educational pursuits. However, the path to academic success is not without its pitfalls. Students are often depressed, overworked and highly stressed individuals. In a survey done in 2021…

3. Example

Substantiation of your point and explanation thus far. 

Examples of examples that you can use! 

  • Information gleaned from reliable articles e.g. The Straits Times, The Economist, National Geographic etc
  • Examples of known facts e.g. In Singapore, a lockdown titled ‘Circuit Breaker’ was imposed during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic
  • Data, Statistics

4. Link

Connect your explanation to your evaluation, use it as a transition

E.g. Therefore it is quite clear that the local arts scene in Singapore is of incredible relevance to the fabric of the nation’s culture, as it has contributed significantly to the Singaporean identity. Keeping that in mind…

5. Evaluation

Consideration of all key factors that have contributed to the JUSTIFICATION of your argument. Point out a challenge to your point, followed by a justification for why it cannot hold. (as compared to your stand of course!)

Tip: Is there a long or short term consequence that may arise due to any assumption you have raised? 

Tip: Are there entities who may (or may not) be affected by the points you have raised? 

Downloadable Notes:

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The GP Essay: How to Craft an Excellent Introduction

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"Your GP essay intro is like a first impression - impress, contextualize and broaden the reader's understanding of the issue."

Think of an introduction to your GP essay as similar to meeting someone for the first time. The way you are dressed, your demeanour, manners and what you say as well as HOW you say what you say, will give someone an impression. This impression will either impress them, repulse them or make them feel neutral, and perhaps dismissive. In a GP essay introduction, you definitely want to impress, but also provide context and give the reader a broader sense of the issue that you will be arguing.

Suggested Techniques

  1. Quotes 

Some famous people you can quote from include Martin Luther King, Gandhi, LKY, Nelson Mandela, Albert Einstein, Nietzsche, Shakespeare, Steve Job, Muhammad Ali, John Lennon, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Winston Churchill, Mark Twain, Oscar Wilde, Babe Ruth, Voltaire, Mother Teresa, Anne Frank… and the list goes on. 

You can even quote from mythology, books or films!

  1. Statistics 

Descriptive statistics is a way to organise, represent and describe a collection of data. For example, it can refer to the collection of people in a city using the internet or using television.

Inferential Statistics allows us to use information collected from a sample to make decisions, predictions or inferences from a population.

Any type you choose to use is fine, so long as it remains relevant to the discussion at hand. 

  1. Definition

You can define words or elements of the question to set the tone and context for the essay. It is important not to be pedantic here, and to focus on reasonable, common sense definitions that most people would not disagree with. 

Example: To what extent is success important in your society? 

You will first need to define success. Does it refer to wealth, academic achievements, a high quality of life, health, happiness, all of the above? How can we phrase the definition precisely without sounding overly detailed? 

  1. Anecdote

One of the easiest ways to start an essay, can be with a short amusing, interesting story which involves yourself, a situation or someone else you know of or have read of. This method will lead the reader into your essay by getting them to IDENTIFY with the topic and begin to relate to it. 

  1. Historical or Current Event/Situation

Referring to how the main aspect of your topic has been viewed or handled in the past, or how it is considered in modern times will set the context for your essay, while demonstrating your understanding of how the issue developed to what it is today. 

Writing Thesis Statements

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The thesis statement should be written at the very end of the introduction and should state your stand clearly. You must take ownership of this stand, and ensure that your entire essay leads back to proving it. 

Some suggestions for your stand (although you can try to be creative here as well!)

(a) I believe that… 

(b) It is my view that…

(c) It is my position that…

(d) It is my conviction that… 

(e) It is my considered opinion that… 

(f) I hold firmly to the view that… 

Suggested Approach to a GP Essay

Hook
Elaborate on hook
Definitions (where necessary)
Set the scope by explaining the points you will be raising to support your stand, including an anti-thesis.
State your thesis statement

Read the sample of an introduction to a GP essay below and critique it! 

Consumerism is not always bad. Do you agree? 

Last weekend, I sat and contemplated all three of my yoga mats, wondering what had prompted me to purchase that many. Reluctantly still, I posted two of them for sale on my estore on ‘Carousell’, my way of not contributing to more waste in Singapore. The world today is rife with consumerism as people become more preoccupied with the acquisition of consumer goods they do not need, or sometimes even want. Consumerism can be defined as the preoccupation of a society with products and possessions. Some may argue that the economic competition that has arisen thanks to consumerism has made the world a better place. Most people however, are usually constantly buying items that are frivolous or worse, impractical, contributing to environmental damage and socio-economic problems as well as the dangers arising from individual overconsumption. Hence it is my view that most of the time, consumerism is harmful and ought to be avoided. 

Downloadable notes:

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How to Excel in Literature: The River Between

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"A savior had come. He had opened the eyes of the people. He had awakened the sleeping lions. They would now roar, roar to victory."

- Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, The River Between

Written in 1965, the novel by prolific Kenyan author Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o was published as part of the African Writers Series. The River Between is the story of the separation of two neighbouring villages in Kenya instigated by differences in faith. The novel explores life in the mountains of Kenya during the early days of white settlement and is set in the decades of the early 20th century. This eye-opening novel captures a moment in time of a people whose world goes into turmoil. Faced with a choice between a new religion and their own ancient customs, the Gikuyu people are torn between those who fear the unknown and those who see beyond it.

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Download these chapter summary questions and try them out. If you need them to be marked and returned to you with detailed comments on how to improve, try out the ‘Independent’ Marking & Feedback only plan on Curio.sg!

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How to Excel in Literature: The Merchant of Venice

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Study The Merchant of Venice - a timeless play with love, greed, friendship, prejudice, and justice.

The Merchant of Venice is a wonderfully relevant text to study in modern times. Love, Greed, Friendship, Prejudice and Justice intermingle in a timelessly entertaining play that has kept audiences on the edges of their seats for centuries. Fear not the style of writing and words unknown – once you get the hang of it, studying this text will be as easy as the ‘gentle rain from heaven’. Click on the resources below to self study or if you need practices to be graded and returned to you with comprehensive feedback on how to improve, try the ‘Independent’ Marking & Feedback plan on Curio.sg to get yourself a dedicated marking coach!

The Merchant of Venice – Setting

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How to Excel in Literature: Hullabaloo In The Guava Orchard

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"It was a terrible thing to be awake while some people flew, carrying the world over his head, and others slept, claiming it from under his feet.”

- Kiran Desai, Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard


Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard is best read with a glass of guava juice and a pot of laughs. Written by Kiran Desai and set in the Indian village of Shahkot, the author based her novel on the real life story of a man named Kapila Pradhan, who actually lived in a tree for 15 years.

In Hullabaloo, the protagonist Sampath gets fed-up with the world of men and climbs up into a tree to be at peace. It turns out to be an even more disturbing life to lead, as his family attempts to coax him down with all manner of appeals and tricks, while people in the region begin to make pilgrimages to see Sampath, in the mistaken notion that he is a holy man.

The characters peppered throughout the novel, from Pinky the passionate ear biting sister of Sampath, to his drunken monkey bodyguards, take the reader on a wild ride. India’s history, superstitions, religions, social structures and the struggles of the everyday man are woven into the narrative with skill and humour.

Some overarching themes students should take note of are:

  • Tradition vs Modernity
  • Freedom vs Control
  • Individual vs Society
  • The Spiritual Quest

Excelling in Literature tests and exams takes a lot of practice. You might want to try reading the novel at least twice, as well as ensuring that your annotations are relevant. Your teacher may not have time to annotate the entire novel with you, so you can try working them out with your friends in a Literature study group. Bring some snacks, find a comfortable spot, and sit back and enjoy the novel too. Enjoying it is the key to truly understanding the key themes and being able to write about it with real enthusiasm!

Download the following passage based questions and try them out! If you need them to be marked and returned to you with detailed comments on how to improve, try out the ‘Independent’ Marking & Feedback only plan on Curio.sg!

PBQ-Test-1_-Hullabaloo-in-the-Guava-Orchard-Chapter-1Download
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PBQ-Test-3_-Hullabaloo-in-the-Guava-Orchard-Chapter-1Download
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5 Educational Courses for Kids in the Holidays

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"Despite the fact that we will enjoy our vacation time, we can also engage in useful activities. There are numerous opportunities to broaden our knowledge and skills so that we can grow even more when we return to our activities later."

One of the best ways for your kids to explore new horizons and perspectives is to travel. If you are staying put in Singapore however, there are plenty of ways to get your kids off their screens and onto their feet, learning something useful for their future.

Coding Classes

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You may be navigating terms such as ‘digital era’ and ‘digital fluency’ which are already significant and going to become more so in the working world of tomorrow. Coding Classes will educate your child on how to read, write and understand programming languages. Kids will learn how computers work, a new language in which to communicate as well as problem solving methods using computational thinking. Needless to say, the logical thinking and mathematical skills involved will definitely give your child an edge in other subjects and endeavours too! Some popular coding schools in Singapore include:

Debate Classes

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If you want your kids to not merely look good on paper with their grades, but also come across in person as intelligent, logical and poised, debate classes would be ideal as a holiday activity. These classes will teach them how to make assumptions, question those assumptions, understand real world problems, configure solutions and then justify them. They will learn how to think fast on their feet, use persuasive language and make a connection with their listeners. Kids learn invaluable skills that will help them navigate lessons in school as well as life. Check out the following list:

Robotics Classes

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Not to be mistaken for coding, robotics classes are different in that they involve a combination of software and hardware, whereas coding is generally focused on software only. Kids will learn how to code and program in Robotics classes, but they will also get hands on in robot construction and electronic circuitry. Perfect for kids who are always fiddling around with objects around them and trying to figure out how they ‘really’ work! Some popular Robotics schools in Singapore are:

STEM Enrichment Classes

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STEM is a term that refers to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. These classes are fun, educational and are great holiday workshops that work to reinforce concepts taught in class. Science and Technology lessons will ignite curiosity, whilst Engineering and Mathematics classes will give kids hands-on, real world applications to engage in. Many of these classes are on-going and not limited to the holidays, so you can attend them throughout the year given time and interest. Check out some of the schools below:

Writing Classes

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Do you have a budding novelist in the family? Or would you simply like your child to get into some rigour with their writing, and have fun at the same time? Writing workshops often teach techniques, brainstorming and skills in a fun, engaging manner. There will be some focus on developing flair and style, which is not always taught in schools. Try out one of the writing classes below:

Space Travel: Reaching for the Cosmos

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"And now, space can take on the function of becoming the next tourist destination. "

Richard Branson and Jeff Bezos recently went into space on their own private spaceships, amid fanfare and fuss, glitz and glamour. Why is it such a big deal? One reason is that up to now space travel has been possible only on government craft. Private companies embarking on these voyages – with ticketed passengers to boot – has always been a thing of the future in most people’s minds. The future has clearly arrived.

To most people, space travel has always been an exploratory and scientific endeavour, one that involves billions of dollars, government regulation and administration. If you’re not working towards becoming an astronaut, rocket engineer or any space related vocation, space probably does not occupy your daily concerns much. The foray into space however has altered our daily lives, thanks to the research that went into it and the useful products it yielded. Freeze-dried foods that hikers or long distance campers take with them today were invented for NASA. When they were trying to figure out how to measure the temperature of stars, infrared thermometers were invented and are now in daily use. Even scratch-resistant coating on sunglasses today was first made for astronauts’ helmets.

And now, space can take on the function of becoming the next tourist destination.

Photo by NASA on Unsplash

For many millionaires in the world, space travel on one of Branson’s or Bezo’s spaceships are surprisingly affordable. For USD$250,000, one might get a ticket on a Virgin Galactic spaceship. Bezos’ Blue Origin might take us up for a cool USD$55 million dollars. We await Elon Musk’s SpaceX pricing with bated breath.

These aren’t the only companies who are trying to make gravity-free leaps and bounds however. Astra Space built an orbital rocket and is planning to fly satellites into orbit every single day. Satellite maker Planet Labs has announced its plans to do the same, Firefly Aerospace has a rocket in California awaiting clearance to launch. OneWeb is launching satellites meant to provide full coverage to the planet with high-speed Internet access. Rocket Lab of New Zealand is planning missions to the moon as well as to Venus.

Most fascinating of all to most of us regular folk, is the Space Hotel slated to open in a mere 6 years time. Yes you can read that again, you may not merely get to go to space, but also get to enjoy a spa or a pool with perhaps the most literally out-of-this-world views captured on your instagram stories. Also, gravity free basketball anyone?

It is exciting indeed to think about a time when travel to an exotic location includes one that is off planet. The next 10 years promise to hold exciting new developments in this sphere, and by the next 10, it will hopefully become safe and affordable for everyone on earth, and not just billionaires.

BTS: Pioneering a New Era of K-Pop

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"Young recruits don’t only have a lot to learn from BTS’ charitable contributions, this group of young men are also admired for their infallible work ethic. "

BTS has over 30 million followers at the time of writing, The #BTSArmy used to consist mostly of teenagers and young people, but data shows that a larger percentage of aged 24-35 have also enlisted, and this number is only growing. 

BTS debuted in 2013 with their album ‘2 Cool 4 Skool’. They didn’t exactly become popular right away, but their hit single ‘I NEED U’ propelled them to stardom. The group continues to write and produce their own songs often, and the undeniable vulnerability and emotion they bring to their music has captured hearts all over the world. 

Unlike many other celebrities who do not use their massive platforms for anything other than garnering attention or more fame, BTS have – thankfully – taken the path woefully less travelled. One of their wonderful contributions include the highly publicized ‘Love Myself’ campaign, which focuses on anti-violence, utilizing the hashtag #ENDViolence. Profits from album sales have gone to a plethora of social programmes supported by UNICEF Korea such as prevention of violence against children and teens as well as support programs for the victims of violence. As the first artists in Korea to raise funds for global campaigns, they have indeed made their mark in ways that inspire their legions of fans. 

Photo by UNICEF UK

In 2018, Suga sent gifts of Korean beef to 39 orphanages. An odd sounding contribution perhaps, except that it was from a promise having to be fulfilled. At a fan event in 2014, Suga asked fans, “What do you want to eat?” Fans responded that they wanted meat, and Suga made the promise then and there, “I’ll make a lot of money and buy meat for you.” While most celebrities – and the fans – would have brushed it off as a joke or a funny comment made in the moment, the 29 year old remembered, and made sure the contribution was meaningful by donating to orphanages under the name ‘ARMY’ as a dedication to fans. 

Young recruits don’t only have a lot to learn from BTS’ charitable contributions, this group of young men are also admired for their infallible work ethic. From their humble beginnings to present day, they reportedly continue to work on songs and music even while on tour, in hotels, planes and just about wherever and whenever they can squeeze time in. Most people expect young stars to be enjoying the money and the fame, and while surely BTS does so, they do it without sitting back comfortably, which assures fans that there are plenty of years left in this dynamic troupe.  

Celebrities often influence people, especially young ones in intense, sometimes irreversible ways. BTS often shows their army that they haven’t been recruited in vain, and that together, they will fight on and win life’s battles to come. 

The Story of the Tattooist of Auschwitz

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"Prisoners risk their lives for each other trying to sneak food or medicine around, but they also fight for space, quarrel and struggle for survival, because being alive for even 24 hours more is no longer a guarantee."

When I read novels about the Holocaust, especially those based on real life experiences, I need to be in a calm state of mind, so that I don’t become too distressed by the time I get to the various torturous episodes which will inevitably be present in any recounting of one of the worst war crimes in the last century – the genocide of European Jews throughout World War II.

Admittedly, the novel did not touch on or dwell on the tortures and deaths as much as some of the other novels I have read that centred on the topic. Indeed, the protagonist, Lale Sokolov, manages to procure for himself a better life than most of the other prisoners, albeit with the horror of having to tattoo all of his fellow prisoners with serial numbers – a practice introduced in order to allow the German authorities to not just keep track of prisoners, but to able to identify bodies when they died. People were thus relegated to the status of mere objects, and in exchange for a better chance of survival, Sokolov had to carry out this horrific task.

Photo by Snowscat on Unsplash

The novel describes malnutrition, typhus, the gassing of and random shootings of prisoners and ashes raining down upon the concentration camp – ashes of the Jews who were burnt in the massive incinerators. Prisoners risk their lives for each other trying to sneak food or medicine around, but they also fight for space, quarrel and struggle for survival, because being alive for even 24 hours more is no longer a guarantee. The novelist Heather Morris weaves in the sense of desperation and hopelessness well, along with the fury and frustrations that sweep through the prisoners, at being treated inhumanely for no reason other than the hate perpetuated by anti-Semitism.

A part of the plot involves Lale Sokolov meeting the love of his life, Gita, and how he goes the extra mile, often risking his life, to make sure that he takes care of her in whatever way he can. They go through stretches of time when they don’t see one another, and live in utter terror that the other has been gassed or incinerated. The love story and the hope the reader starts to nurture, that the two lovers will survive, leave the camp and thrive together after the war, will keep one turning page after page to see if it works out.

Overall, it is not as compelling a read as some of the other Holocaust Literature I have read, such as ‘Night’ by Elie Wiesel or the famous ‘The Diary of a Young Girl’ by Anne Frank. The character of Gita was not as well-rounded as it could have been, and representatives from the Auschwitz Memorial Research Center have questioned some specific facts in the novel as being understated or misrepresented. The novel however is a good read for anyone starting out on the vast canon of Holocaust Literature, and the lessons to be learnt from the horrors of that time.

Olivia Rodrigo: Disney Dreams to Global Popstar

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"Listening to her album feels like you're listening to her pour out her feelings just to you, in the most heartfelt manner."

A broken record for most streams in a day. Number 1 on the American Billboard singles chart. Number 1 in Britain and Number 1 in Singapore, along with millions of videos on TikTok with the soundtrack ‘Driver’s License’. With the single released in January 2021 and with an album that followed shortly after, Olivia Rodrigo has made quite the splash in the music world. Why is she so popular with young people today?

One of the reasons why teenagers, young adults and even older adults reminisce while listening to the songs is that the lyrics seem to come from a raw, real place. The singer has attributed her inspiration to her own life, to all the issues, anger and jealousies, sadness and confusion that often sums up a teenager’s life. What ended up rendering the album so incredibly popular was not just her sultry, easy on the ear vocals. Listening to her album feels like you’re listening to her pour out her feelings just to you, in the most heartfelt manner.

Photo by Grand Spanier

Indeed, Gen Z often stakes their claim to being the most real, raw, open-minded generation to show up so far. Rodrigo’s popularity can be attributed in part to this rawness, and the way the songs are sung, as if they are being read off the pages of a private diary. It forms an incredible connection between the song and the listener, as it sounds as if it could have come off of their own personal diaries. Lines like “She’s everything I’m insecure about” and “I just can’t imagine how you could be so okay now that I’m gone” from ‘Driver’s License’ really hit home. Almost everyone in the world has felt this way before at some point in their lives.

Rodrigo keeps the raw coming throughout the album, with songs like ‘Brutal’ where she sings about how “I feel like no one wants me, and I hate the way I’m perceived.” and ‘1 Step Forward 3 Steps Back’ where the line “never doubted myself so much. Like am I pretty? Am I fun, boy?” resonates. Every teenager has probably wondered at some point if they are attractive enough, fun enough, wanted enough or at all. Young adults (and sometimes the older ones too) continue to wonder these thoughts. The insecurities are written about without rhyme or wordplay. It is what is and what you see is what you get. Everything Gen Z claims to be about, in other words.

The popularity of the album portends great things for the young singer’s future, and a plucky move to launch her pop career by choosing to be herself instead of having cheery, upbeat love songs written by top lyricists has certainly paid off. Hopefully it has inspired many young listeners as well, to do what they are constantly striving to do, be themselves.

For more on popstar success stories, check out Taylor Swift’s Songs in Literary Debate, and Sabrina Carpenter’s Rise to Stardom.